©Amy Lewis

Brown rat

The brown rat has a bad reputation, but it mostly lives side-by-side with us without any problems. It can be seen in any habitat.

Scientific name

Rattus norvegicus

When to see

January to December

Species information

Statistics

Length: 15-27cm
Tail: 10-24cm
Weight: 200-300g
Average lifespan: 1-3 years

Conservation status

Common.

Habitats

About

The brown rat is an incredibly adaptable mammal and can be found almost everywhere in the UK, in any habitat, all it needs is shelter and food. Brown rats are omnivorous, eating pretty much anything, from fruit and seeds to human food waste, insects, birds' eggs or even small mammals. They are particularly common around towns and cities. Brown rats live in loose colonies and dig their own burrows. They are famously good breeders; a female brown rat can breed from around 3 months old, and has an average of five litters a year, each of up to 12 young.

How to identify

The brown rat has grey-brown fur, a pointed nose, large, bare ears and a long, scaly tail. It is much bigger than any mouse species. The similar water vole has a much rounder face, small ears that do not protrude, and a furry tail.

Distribution

Widespread.

Did you know?

Originating from central Asia, the brown rat was introduced into the UK in the 1700s; in fact, it was carried on ships throughout the world and is now widespread. Its success is due both to its adaptability to a wide range of habitats and its incredible breeding rate.